Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) utilizes:

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are designed to integrate various business functions into a single cohesive system. The key feature of ERP is its utilization of common database structures that allow different departments and functions within an organization to access and manage information efficiently. This centralized approach ensures that there is a single source of truth, which reduces data redundancy and errors, facilitates data analysis, and streamlines communication across different departments.

By employing a common database, ERP systems enable various functionalities—such as finance, human resources, supply chain management, and customer relationship management—to operate seamlessly together. This integration not only enhances operational efficiency but also provides real-time data analytics that support strategic decision-making.

Other options suggest either fragmentation of databases by department, restriction to online platforms, or isolation of systems for specific functions like financial reporting. These approaches do not align with the primary goal of ERP, which is to foster interconnectedness and data uniformity across the entire organization.